Utilization of Waste Materials for Sustainable Bioelectricity Generation and Marine Benthic Nutrient Remediation through Sediment Microbial Fuel Cells
- Alternative Title
- 지속 가능한 전기생산과 해양 퇴적물의 부영양화 개선을 위한 폐기물 자 원 기반 퇴적물 연료전지 평가
- Abstract
- The increasing demand for sustainable energy and environmental remediation has highlighted the potential of sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFCs) as a dual- purpose bioelectrochemical system for bioelectricity generation and enhancement of contaminated coastal sediments. However, the practical implementation of SMFCs requires cost-effective, efficient and environmentally friendly conductive aids and electrode materials. This research explores the innovative use of carbonaceous waste materials such as bamboo biochar and carbonized coffee residues as sustainable anodic components to improve SMFC performance. These materials, derived from agricultural and food industry by-products, are reused as a functional substrate, conductive aid and electrode material. This research is in line with circular economy principles by converting agricultural and food waste into functional energy materials while contributing to several UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to promote resource recovery. SDGs associated with this study include affordable and clean energy (SDG 7), sustainable industry and innovation (SDG 9), responsible consumption and production (SDG 12), climate action (SDG 13) and life below water (SDG 14). The results provide a cost- effective, environmentally friendly strategy for the remediation of coastal sediments and the generation of renewable energy from contaminated sediment through the reuse of waste materials. To achieve these research objectives, Chapter 1 discusses the basic principles of SMFC for the background and technical approach of this study. Chapter 2 explores the optimal cathodic configuration to ensure the efficiency of the system, which could affect the efficiency of electron transfer and the removal of nutrients from the sediment. Chapter 3 demonstrates the use of organic waste of coffee waste, as sustainable waste management solution that simultaneously generates renewable bioelectric energy and supports high SMFC performance. This includes the use of coffee residue to generate bioelectricity and the use of carbonized coffee residues to generate bioelectricity and remove benthic nutrients in the SMFC system. Chapter 4 evaluates the use of tubular bamboo biochar as a functional electrode material, conductive aid and substrate to improve the efficiency of electricity generation by providing a large surface area and conductive substrate for microbial activity. This includes the use of horizontally and vertically installed tubular bamboo biochar anodes as anode material with different lengths in the SMFC system. Chapter 5 presents the use of pulverized raw bamboo biochar as conductive aid to enhance and maintain SMFC operation in extended period. This includes the use of raw bamboo biochar in different dosages and the use of raw bamboo biochar integrated into a solar cell to increase bioelectricity performance and marine benthic nutrients. Chapter 6 provides a comprehensive summary of the chapter, highlighting its limitations and outlining future work for SMFC studies. The conversion of waste material into useful carbonized materials can contribute significantly to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and the circular economy principles.
- Issued Date
- 2025
- Awarded Date
- 2025-08
- Type
- Dissertation
- Publisher
- 국립부경대학교 대학원
- Affiliation
- 국립부경대학교 대학원
- Department
- 대학원 해양공학과
- Advisor
- Kyunghoi Kim
- Table Of Contents
- CHAPTER 1 1
1.1 Research Background 1
1.1.1 Degradation of coastal region 1
1.1.2 Sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFC) 2
1.1.3 Cathodic limitation of SMFC system 3
1.1.4 Anodic limitation of SMFC system 4
1.1.5 Cathodic modification using wick-air cathode 6
1.1.6 Anodic modification using waste materials 7
1.1.7 Improvement of the biochar-SMFC system using solar cells 16
1.2 Objective 18
1.3 Thesis structure 19
CHAPTER 2 Submerged and floating cathodes for electricity generation and nutrient removal 21
2.1 Overview 21
2.2 Materials and methods 22
2.3 Results and discussion 24
2.3.1 Bioelectricity performances 24
2.3.2 Polarization behavior and cyclic voltammetry 25
2.3.3 Marine benthic nutrient removal 31
2.4 Conclusion 34
2.5 Referred research article 35
CHAPTER 3.1 Spent coffee grounds for bioelectricity generation in sediment microbial fuel cells 36
3.1.1 Overview 36
3.1.2 Materials and methods 37
3.1.3 Results and discussion 40
3.1.3.1 Caffeine concentration after aqueous attraction 40
3.1.3.2 Open circuit voltage (OCV) 41
3.1.3.3 Bioelectricity performances 42
3.1.3.4 Polarization curves 44
3.1.4 Conclusion 46
3.1.5 Referred research articles 47
CHAPTER 3.2 Carbonized coffee residues improve bioelectricity generation and nutrient removal 48
3.2.1 Overview 48
3.2.2 Materials and methods 49
3.2.3 Results and discussion 51
3.2.3.1 Properties of carbonized coffee residue 51
3.2.3.2 Open circuit voltage (OCV) 54
3.2.3.3 Bioelectricity performances 55
3.2.3.4 Polarization curves and cyclic voltammetry 56
3.2.3.5 Marine benthic nutrient removal 59
3.2.4. Conclusion 64
3.2.5 Referred research articles 65
CHAPTER 4.1 Horizontally installed tubular bamboo biochar anode with different lengths 66
4.1.1 Overview 66
4.1.2 Materials and methods 67
4.1.3 Results and discussion 70
4.1.3.1 Physicochemical properties of biochar 70
4.1.3.2 Open circuit voltage (OCV) 72
4.1.3.3. Bioelectricity performance 73
4.1.3.3 Polarization curves and cyclic voltammetry 78
4.1.3.4 Marine benthic nutrient removal 81
4.1.4 Conclusion 83
4.1.5 Referred research article 84
CHAPTER 4.2 Vertically installed tubular bamboo biochar anode in sediment microbial fuel cells 85
4.2.1 Overview 85
4.2.2 Materials and methods 85
4.2.3 Results and discussion 88
4.2.3.1 Biochar characterization 88
4.2.3.2 Open circuit voltage (OCV) 90
4.2.3.3 Bioelectricity performances 91
4.2.3.4 Polarization curve and cyclic voltammetry 93
4.2.4.4 Marine benthic nutrient removal 96
4.2.4.5 Physicochemical properties of biochar and sediment 98
4.2.4 Conclusion 101
Chapter 5.1 Boosting performance of sediment microbial fuel cells with raw bamboo biochar 102
5.1.1 Overview 102
5.1.2 Materials and methods 103
5.1.3 Results and discussion 105
5.1.3.1 Biochar characterization 105
5.1.3.2 Open circuit voltage (OCV) 108
5.1.3.3 Bioelectricity performances 108
5.1.3.4 Polarization curves and cyclic voltammetry 113
5.1.3.5 Anode and sediment characterization 117
5.1.4 Conclusion 120
5.1.5 Referred research article 121
CHAPTER 5.2 Minimal dosage of raw bamboo biochar for sediment microbial fuel cells 122
5.2.1 Overview 122
5.2.2 Materials and methods 122
5.2.3 Results and discussion 123
5.2.3.1 Open circuit voltage (OCV) 123
5.2.3.2 Bioelectricity performance 124
5.2.3.3 Polarization curves 125
5.2.3.4 Electrode characterization 127
5.2.3.5 Marine benthic nutrient removal 129
5.2.4 Conclusion 132
CHAPTER 5.3 Integration of solar cells and bamboo biochar in sediment microbial fuel cells 133
5.3.1 Overview 133
5.3.2 Materials and methods 134
5.3.3 Results and discussion 135
5.3.3.1 Open circuit voltage (OCV) 135
5.3.3.2 Bioelectricity performances 136
5.5.3.3 Polarization curves 138
5.5.3.4 Marine benthic nutrient removal 140
5.3.4 Conclusion 142
CHAPTER 6 Conclusion and Future Work 143
6.1 Conclusion 143
6.2 Limitation of the study 147
6.3 Future Work 147
REFERENCES 149
PUBLICATIONS 168
CONFERENCE 170
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 172
- Degree
- Doctor
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