한국 수화의 부정 표현 연구

Abstract

Sign Language has different characteristics from Korean Language in terms of syntax and semantics. Particularly, there are distinctive characteristics in emphasis and in negative sentences, compared to Korean. This report is purposed to investigate characteristics related to negative expressions among other characteristics in sigh language. Negative expressions of sign language are interesting because it shows characteristics of sign language. Sign Language can be divided into two sub-divisions: Grammar Sign Language and Natural Sign Language. In this report, it has examined natural sign languages. It results from that the grammar sign language merely corresponds to Korean vocabularies. Therefore, it is not enough to represent the distinct linguistic features of hearing-impaired people. Despite of its feature, the grammar sign language is expressed with the natural sign language in order to clarify their differences. This report examines the meaning and function of negative sentences in sigh language in terms of practical language use as describing the practical and real phenomenon of sign language use of hearing-impaired people. There are various vocabularies for negative meaning in sign language. Especially, there are a lot of expressions in idiomatic sign language. In this chapter, N(negative) is meanings that can be translated into 'not' and E(empty) means empty (not exist) through classifying negative vocabularies in sigh languages required for this research. This research defines the negative sentence in Korean in aspects of general syntax. Condition Ⅰ : Negative sentence shall contain negative morpheme 'ahn' or 'mal' in its predicates. Condition Ⅱ : There shall be positive sentence correspondent to the negative sentence. Condition Ⅲ : The sentences that contain the meaning of 'empty, unawareness, not' are regarded as negative sentences because they are similar meanings with negative morpheme. On the same sense with the negative sentences in Korean, the negative sentences in sign languages are defined as the followings. Condition Ⅰ : Negative sentences in sign language shall contain vocabularies of sign language, N₁(impossible/~ cannot), N₂(not/impossible), and N₃(not yet). Condition Ⅱ : There should be the positive sentence in sign language correspondent to the negative sentence Condition Ⅲ : The sentences that contain the meaning of 'empty, unawareness, not' are regarded as negative sentences. Sign language sentences that satisfy Condition Ⅰ and Ⅱ belong to syntactic negative sentences while sign language sentences that satisfy Condition Ⅱ and Ⅲ belong to vocabularied negative sentences. If negative sentences that contain 'ahn' and 'mot' (which are negative morpheme meaning not) are translated into sign language, there is not a large variation in grammar sign language whereas they are translated into N-type sentences which mean 'impossible/cannot/~be not' in natural sign language. Moreover, there are differences in use of 'ahn' and 'mot' in Korean while there is not any difference between 'ahn' and 'mot' in sign language. Instead of the difference, N₁, N₂and N₃are used in sign language. N₁, N₂and N₃sentences are translated into phrases with negative vocabularies except 'mot' and 'ahn' in Korean. However, in sign language, 'mot' and 'ahn' are described in one action as they are actual morpheme. Therefore, N₁, N₂and N₃can be negative morphemes in sign language. Short negative sentence has the similar process with long negative sentence in natural sign language. However, 'ahn' negative and 'mot' negative sentences have some differences in their uses. The 'ahn' negative is represented in various negative types whereas the 'mot' negative is usually represented as N1. In other words, in sigh language, the 'mot' negative is syntactic negative sentences and the 'ahn' negative is generally various vocabularied negative sentences. There is hardly extreme negative vocabulary in natural sign language. Many hearing-impaired people often use the word, 'particularly'. It does not indicate extreme negative. It is a negative vocabulary with negative implication. Thus, there is not a particular extreme negative vocabulary in sign language. There are three kinds of negative sentences in sign language in terms of vocabulary : 'Empty' negative sentence, 'Unawareness' negative sentence, and "Be not" negative sentence. The E type of sign expression is translated as 'be not~' in Korean. The reason for this translation is that the word 'empty' in Korean can be expressed various vocabularies in natural sign language. 'Empty' in Korean can be expressed as ten different sign language. They have different implications. Therefore, sign language is somewhat more delicate and detailed than Korean although one of the its characteristics is simplicity. There is conflict between scholars whether the Korean sentence 'do not know +Action~' is negative sentence or positive sentence. When this sentence is translated into sign language, it expresses its internal meaning directly. When translating 'do not know~' into sign language, it has more certain negative sentences such as 'do not know to eat~' or 'do not know to do~'. However, when translating 'do know ~+N'into sign language, it becomes positive sentence. It is the representative example of characteristic in sign language, which is simple and definite meaning of the sentence. Therefore, negative sentence in sign language can possibly contribute to define negative sentence in Korean. The next is characteristics of 'N3(not yet)', the vocabulary in sign language represented in this report. When translating N negative sentence in Korean into sign language, 'N₃' is generally used. N3 is mentioned as negative morpheme in sign language. Thus, when 'Not', the negative vocabulary, is translated to sign language, 'N₃', sign vocabulary composes syntactic negative sentence. Furthermore, 'N₃' is an interesting sign vocabulary, indicating 'incompleteness + negative + past' together. Finally, 'strong', sign vocabulary, means strong negative as idiom when it is used other vocabularies. Sign language has different characteristics from common languages. Especially, it is different from the language of the country. Therefore, it is more potential to be researched.