재해사례와 AHP를 이용한 건축공사 공종별 위험지수에 관한 연구

Abstract

건설업에서 사고의 위험을 예방하기 위한 방법은 과거 발생되었던 사고 자료를 바탕으로 이루어진다. 이러한 재해사례는 유사재해예방을 위한 측면에서 대책수립을 위한 확실한 정보라 할 수 있다. 그러나 건설공사는 그 규모와 분야가 점차 증대되어 가고, 구조물의 고층화·대형화 추세를 보이고 있으며 한 번에 많은 인원을 요구하고 시설과 장비도 복잡·다양해져 가고 있고 같은 상품을 반복적으로 생산하는 제조업과는 달리 일품생산이라는 특수성을 갖는다. 즉, 유사한 건설공사로부터 경험한 문제점과 그에 대한 대책을 피드백(feedback)하는데 한계가 따른다. 특히, 건축공사의 위험성은 각 공사마다 주어진 여건이 다르고 동일한 설계도면으로 건설되는 시설물이라 할지라도 그 건물이 놓여진 위치, 지반조건, 공사일정, 노무조건 등 시공조건이 완전히 동일하다고는 할 수 없다. 그리고 작업현장이 대부분 옥외에서 이루어지고 있을 뿐만 아니라 작업환경, 작업성격과 공사계약, 고용, 공법기술, 하도급체계 및 공종에서의 다양한 위험요소가 상호 연관된 복합적인 상태에서 재해가 발생하여 다른 산업과 다른 독특한 특성을 가지고 있으므로 발생가능성 및 예상피해의 범위에 관하여 건설업 특성에 적합한 위험성 평가가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 건설업 특성에 적합한 위험성 평가를 위해 건설업 전체 재해의 약 65%를 차지하고 있는 건축공사에서 발생된 중대재해사례를 바탕으로 철근콘크리트구조로 이루어진 건축공사의 공종별 위험지수 및 세부공종별 위험지수를 도출하였다. 이를 통해 건설업에서 발생되는 중대재해에 대한 위험정도를 사전에 파악하여 중대재해를 감소시키는 역할을 할 것으로 사료된다.

The objective of this paper was to compute the risk index of work type and subdivided work type in architectural construction work. This research firstly classified 22 work types and 105 subdivided works in architectural construction work and then analyzed fatal accidents of work type and subdivided work type from the data of KOSHA. Work strength of work type was calculated by analysis of the input workers and a period of doing work through visiting the architectural construction work site. This research developed the equation that it was based on the data of fatal accidents and work strength needing to compute the risk index of work type in architectural construction work. The results of risk index from the equation were verified as compared with the results of previous study. The survey found that respondents were consisted of construction experts (5), safety managers(16) and supervisors(24) associated with architectural construction work. The AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) was used to analyze the questionnaire. From the analysis of the risk index of work type and subdivided work in architectural construction work by the equation and the AHP, following results were obtained. 1) The results of the risk index from the equation were presented that the risk index of Steel structure work(0.357), Temporary work(0.108), Brick work(0.101), Crane work(0.082) and Concrete work(0.074) was presented highly comparing to other work types. 2) In case of Steel structure work, although the ratio of fatal accident was not higher than other work types, under paying due regard to such work strength, the risk index(0.357) was presented the highest numerical value among 22 work types. Although the fatal accident cases and ratio of Form work were showed 338cases and 15.8% of the highest numerical value among 22 work types, the order of the risk index was presented 13th among 22 work types. 3) This study developed the equation regarding to the work strength and fatal accident to get the risk index of work type. For verifying the results of the risk index, SAS system was used through comparison the risk index of the previous study with this study. P-value of Group 1,2,3 from the analysis results of SAS version 8.0 system was presented 0.3379, 0.6544, 0.2257 respectively. Therefore, the developed equation was turned outusefully for computing the risk index of work type in architectural construction work. 4) This study found the fact that the risk index of the dismantling work, which is one of subdivided works of the steel structure work type, was presented the highest numerical value(0.08925), the other side, the risk index of cleaning and arrangementwork of window & door work type was showed the lowest numerical value(0.0004) among the 84 subdivided work. Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that the developed equation will be applied to the other parts such as excavation work, industry facilities work and landscape work and then risk index of work type and subdivided work type will be used the data for make-decision which work type and subdivided work type is more important or riskier than others.