조선시대 성균관 학교법규와 오늘날 학교법규 비교에 대한 고찰

Abstract

The education in the Joseon dynasty aimed at the enlightenment of national etiquette and customs based on Confucianism, domestic ruling doctrine, and at the cultivation of government officials to run the kingdom. To satisfy these two objectives, Seonggyungwan was set up in the capital as the state's highest educational institution, Sahak or Four Schools in the capital as its subordinate and preparatory schools, and Hyanggyo or Rural Schools in provinces, counties, towns, and villages. This research aims to reveal the educational function of Seonggyungwan, which can be compared to the most excellent university in today's Korea, on the one hand, and compare its school regulations with those at present on the other hand. Regardless of time, every school culture tends to include some regulations of student life for desirable community life. In Joseon, therefore, anyone deviating from the given regulations was given some proper guidance accompanied with various punishment types. But these punishment items for the purpose of guiding students properly were effectively used and abused at the same time. By the comparison of Joseon's Confucianist culture enjoying 600-year-long history with today's school culture, we can still feel the tradition of Seonggyungwan's education alive here and now. In particular, the meaning of school regulations was examined when those of Seonggyungwan were compared with those of present-day academic and professional (formerly vocational) high schools. In accordance with the rapidly-changing world situations, young students need to remember the identity of school culture and teachers have to design the most effective guidance methods in dealing with problem students. Though corporal punishment is less welcome these days, both teachers and students will have to reflect on its necessity in student guidance at school. In conclusion, school regulations for students to keep should be reconsidered according to the demand of the times to respect the human rights of students.