초임계 이산화탄소 내에서의 Poly(acryloyl β-alanine)의 제조 및 계면활성제를 이용한 분산중합

Abstract

Motivated by the need for economic and environmental alternatives to the toxic organic solvents used in polymer chemistry, supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂) has emerged as a viable solvent alternative. There are a number of factors that make carbon dioxide a desirable solvent for polymerization reactions. CO₂ is inexpensive, non-toxic, non-flammable, and readily available in high purity from a variety of sources. In addition, the separation of solvent from product is simplified because CO₂ reverts to the gaseous state upon depressurization, thus eliminating energy intensive drying steps. Thus Supercritical Carbon dioxide is a good solvent for polymerization of acryloyl β-alanine because no toxic solvent residues are left in the materials. However, CO₂ is a poor solvent for high molecular weight compounds, with the exception of amorphous or fluoropolymers and silicones. As a result, processes in scCO₂ often require the aid of a surfactant to ensure dispersion of the desired solute in the continuous phase. In this study, random copolymer surfactants such as p(SiMA-co-DMAEMA) and p(SiMA-co-DPAEMA) for dispersion polymerization in scCO₂ were synthesized and highly CO₂-phobic polystyrene polymers can be synthesized in scCO₂ by dispersion polymerization using a surfactant.