녹색도시 지역 온실가스와 유해대기오염물질 배출특성과 배출량 산정

Abstract

After Kyoto Protocol was adopted for green house gas (GHG) reduction, each nation is stepping up efforts to reduce CO2 of a typical green gas. And also, the management of GHG and hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) is becoming their matter of primary concern. Therefore, it is very important to make the green city master plan which is minimizing GHG emissions and creating jobs through reorganization of the low-carbon type infrastructure and lifestyle. So far, GHG has been designated as a "climate․ecosystem change-causing material" not a pollutant in Korea. But now, GHG will be managed as air pollutants because the gas has a harmful influence on national health and environment such as the death by scorching heat, malaria patient increase by a rise in temperature, and ecosystem destruction by a sudden change in habitat environment. Above all, it is important to emissions estimation correctly to manage the GHG and HAPs. The estimation method of GHG emissions is based on the type, structure and mechanism of the emissions. Basically, the method should be different by the emissions and are classified into two categories by estimation principle. One is a method of measurement for direct confirm of the GHG emissions. Another is a method of calculation appling emission factor which is a standard number by correlation analysis between activity and amount of the GHG emissions. The method of measurement has high confidence in accuracy and transparency of the data because of actual measurement using equipment, but it needs comparatively high cost and is dependent on good equipment performance. On the other hand, the method of calculation is an estimated figure which uses the emission factor converted into activity and amount of the GHG emissions, and the emissions accuracy can be decided on the emission factor. In actual estimation of emissions, it might be proper that each nation decides application method taking into account conditions of the nation, purpose and cost of the estimation. For example, EU prefers the method of calculation because of their accumulated data over the long term, while USA prefers the method of measurement. To establish actual management plan of GHG and HAPs, this study carried out direct measurement of the gases concentration and estimation of emissions at Gangneung green city. Also, the estimation of GHG emissions was compared to the emission result by IPCC default value. As a result, the estimation of HAPs emissions in cement plants was 1,098.94 kg/yr. In road transport, the estimation of HAPs emissions was 1.11 kg/yr in case of LPG and 5,252.08 kg/yr in case of diesel and 765.38 kg/yr in case of gasoline. The estimation of actual GHG emissions in power plants was 970,498 tonCO2eq/yr accounting for 55% of 1,758,503 tonCO2eq/yr by the default value. Also, the estimation of actual GHG emissions in the manufacturing industry was 8,461 tonCO2eq/yr that is more than double compare to 4,102 tonCO2eq/yr by the default value. In case of household heating, the estimation of actual GHG emissions was 173,448 tonCO2eq/yr that is more than 1.6 compare to 102,991 tonCO2eq/yr by the default value. In case of road transport, the estimation of actual GHG emissions was 304,714 tonCO2eq/yr accounting for 55% of 549,335 tonCO2eq/yr by the default value. In case of the cement manufacturing industry, the estimation of actual GHG emissions was 4,118,278 tonCO2eq/yr that is more than 1.38 compare to 2,957,895 tonCO2eq/yr by the default value. But the default value including fuel use was 3,861,085 tonCO2eq/yr accounting for 94% of the actual GHG emissions. The estimation of actual GHG emissions in landfill was 70 tonCO2eq/yr accounting for 5% of 1,548 tonCO2eq/yr by the default value. But the actual GHG emissions including seasonal influence was 669 tonCO2eq/yr accounting for 43% of default value. The estimation of actual GHG emissions in sewage treatment plants was 0.4 tonCO2eq/yr accounting for 0.03% of 1,188 tonCO2eq/yr by the default value. But the actual GHG emissions including seasonal influence was 15 tonCO2eq/yr accounting for 1% of default value. In addition, the estimation of actual GHG emissions in waste water disposal plants was 88 tonCO2eq/yr that is more than 1.06 compare to 83 tonCO2eq/yr by the default value. But the actual GHG emissions including seasonal influence was 156 tonCO2eq/yr that is more than 1.88 compare to default value. It is clear from this study that the major factors for emissions estimation are the emission factor and activity of emissions. Also, the emissions activity can be used reliable data such as statistics of national agencies, while the emission factor can be used effect as a key factor by sampling site and analysis condition.