러시아 연해주 크라스키노 성지 출토 발해 토기 연구

Abstract

The Kraskino fortress in far east region of Russia(Primorie), one of the rare historically important relics called the ‘yeom-ju state of Balhae', has been excavated for the past 30 years and jointly with Korea for the past 10 years or so as a leading relics of Balhae. In this paper, we examined chronology and typology of Kraskino fortress by classifying pottery types having most data available and employing statistical methods making it easy to understand changes in terms of time and space. The study consists of five chapters; chapters I and II outline the purpose of the study, overview of the relics, and the history of research into the Balhae pottery and Kraskino pottery. Chapter Ⅲ compares the pottery from Kraskino fortress with the Koguryeo pottery and Balhae pottery of the far east region to investigate types of each of them and there by characterize and group them by typology. To this end, the pottery was divided by typological attribute and defined in terms of typology by applying attributes such as shape. From the results of these analyses, chapter Ⅳ applies the AMS absolute age value and discusses the chronology and typology of the Kraskino pottery via a comparison with relics of the neighboring regions. Chapter V as the conclusion from findings from above analyses shows that pottery from Kraskino fortress is divided into 18 types, and chronology of the fortress consists largely of three phases. It is found that in the early phase, the fortress began to be used relatively as early as at the end of the 7th century or early in the 8th century under the influence of Koguryeo, and that in the middle phase, a wheel potter´s making tradition in the central Balhae from the mid 8th century to the 9th century closely spread, from the comparison between the pottery excavated in Sang-gyeong fortress and Dong-gyeong fortress. In addition, we found that the tradition developed in the Pan-eastern sea historical cultural area called Japan Province connecting Dong-gyeong fortress of Balhae and Japan. The pottery excavated from a well in the late phase around the end of Balhae reveals how the tradition affected the pottery culture of Kitan, a state that ruled the region later. All of the results show that the Kraskino fortress is an indicator relic of the entire potter making tradition of northeast Asia between 8th and 10th century.