컬러유니버설디자인 관점에서의 공공시각매체 분석

Abstract

Universal design is a design can be used by anyone regardless of disabled or non-disabled people in a convenient and equal way. In Korean, from the public design sector, there have been growing interests in universal design. And many design based in the principle have been created in various field However, most of universal design in Korea is tailored for physically disabled people, not for visually disabled ones. In some foreign countries with advanced welfare system, it is mandatory to take those with various physical problems as well as visual problems into account when they create public designs. So it is required for Korea to accept the concept of color universal design for those with color weakness as a norm. As our society is rapidly ageing, there have been some researches on visual perception changes and color design considering those changes stemming from aging. But there are few researches on color design considering those with color weakness. According to the statistics from study on people with color vision deviate, it is estimated that 5% of males (1,21million) and 0.5% of females (10,000) in Korea are suffering from color weakness. Color weakness is genetic inherited so, there have been, are and will be people with the genetic defector in the world. So instead of showing them indifferent attitudes toward them or treating them unequally, we need to do something to change our society to place where those with color weakness can live daily lives without inconveniences. So color universal design means something designed centered on users’ perception to deliver information to every person with different level of visual perception. Public visual medium is hugely influenced by color among many environmental design factors forming cities and is closely related to delivering important information and safety of users. So in this thesis, I will analyze public medium based on visual perception of people with color weakness and find out present conditions and suggest fundamental ways to improve them.

First, before analyzing color, I classified various public visual medium based on color pallet and added up overlapping types to choose sample type for analysis Second, I ask 32 color experts to do the simulation test based on chosen sample types with the program for people with color weakness to find out the level of visibility of public visual medium from people with color weakness. And finally, based on the test result of visibility by color experts, I figured out the level of visibility. And I analyzed types with the highest visibility and the lowest visibility through munsell figures H (Hue), V (Value), C (Chroma) The results show that for all people with color weakness from protanope, dueteranope to tritanope, the arrangement of color with the highest visibility is a combination of PB colors with achromatic colors. And among achromatic colors, combination of colors with big difference of brightness shows the highest visibility. And the arrangement of colors with narrow gaps among Y, YR, Y show low visibility to deuteranope and the color arrangement with GY and PB colors shows low visibility tritanope. When I analyzed 20 exemplary public visual medium through simulation program for people with color weakness, I found out that people with color weakness can recognized colors in a little bit different way that people without color weakness do and of course they are able to absorb information from color. In several field, discriminatory clause is attached to people with color weakness. Now is the time to eliminate any kind of discrimination against them and also do something to create friendly environment for them to live daily lives without any obstacles. This thesis focused on color analysis of public visual medium in a view of color universal design will be used as basic data for setting up plans and policies on future public design based on color universal design.