하수처리장의 방류수 중 PBDEs 및 PCNs의 특성과 배출량 산정

Abstract

The international community is making an endeavor to regulate the persistent organic pollutants(POPs) which are generated as by-products. Korea is also under an obligation to carry out the Stockholm convention demanding for discharge inventories and cutback management. Therefore Korea is in the process of national fulfillment program. Some congeners of theses polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs) were added to the list of emerging POPs. Polychlorinated naphthalene (PCNs) are not restricted by discharge controls yet, however some countries recommend them as emerging POPs. There haven’t been sufficient studies and data dealing with PBDEs and PCNs not only to Korea, but also entire world in the part of sewage treatment. PBDEs have been added as flame retardants to consumer products and other materials such as electronic equipments, textiles and furniture. These compounds are bio accumulative and may also interfere with endocrine system function and thyroid hormone. Deca-BDE is constituted as dominant congener. This congener has been considered that breakdown products having high toxicity could be created, although its toxicity is low. PCNs are manufactured by synthesis between chlorine and naphthalene based on petroleum or coal. These compounds were used mainly as mothproofing materials. PCNs were used worldwide in 1910s. After decades, these compounds were reported occurrence of serious skin rashes and disorder of the livers and bowels. The actual state of PBDEs and PCNs of the sewages and sledges was studied. The method of estimating for discharge amount was used to evaluate precise influence on the environment by PBDEs and PCNs of effluence and dehydrated cake from the sewage treatment facilities by regional groups in Korea. Furthermore theoretical investigation with former studies about PBDEs and PCNs was carried out to confirm a recent trend and characteristics of the sources. The analytical results and characteristic were proposed with the concentrations of PBDEs and PCNs according to the media. With these consequences, discharge factors were calculated and discharge amount were suggested. Deca-BDE(209-BDE), which is used the most in Korea, was dominant congener. The homologue profile pattern showed that deca-BDE, nona-BDE, penta-BDE and tetra-BDE were detected in order of contribution. Most PBDEs were flowed into the facilities with particle phases. The concentration of PBDEs in effluence from the facilities were ranged 0.24~0.56 ng/L in dissolved phases and 0.46~5.72 ng/L in particle phases. Deca-BDE(209-BDE) was also dominant congener in effluence. The homologue profile patterns of PBDEs in these domestic sewage treatment facilities were analogous trend. Contribution to total concentration by particle phases was increased toward the high brominated BDEs. The profile pattern showed that 1-PCNs were predominant congeners and dissolved phased contributed to the concentration. Discharge amount of PBDEs from domestic sewage treatment facilities were estimated at 224.71 kg/year. The calculated discharge amounts was 127.1 kg/year in the Capital area, 40.73 kg/year in Yeongnam area, 19.36 kg/year in Chungcheong area, 14.99 kg/year in Honam area and 22.53 kg/year in the rest of Korea, respectively. The total discharged amount of PBEDs from these facilities was classified by path way. The discharge of PBDEs thorough water body, such as effluence and sea dumping, was 140.8 kg/year. Air emission of PBDEs by incineration was 35.35 kg/year and landfill was 7.78 kg/year. Total amount of reuse of PBDEs in various field of industry was estimated with 40.79 kg/year.