고등학교 영어교과서에 나타나는 관계대명사 that 생략에 대한 연구

Abstract

Abstract

Both of objective relative pronoun presence and omission are acceptable and there is no specific grammatical rules of choosing either omission or production at least in restrictive relative clause. However, there is a study that the length and the complexity of embedded subject NP have an influence on relative pronoun 'that' omission(Race and MacDonald(2003)). Based on it, this thesis analyzed sentences including ORCs from texts written by native speakers of English and Korean high school English textbooks. The purpose of this study is to analyze the length of ORCs’ subjects and antecedents in using of objective relative pronoun ‘that’ and to give some efficient guidance to teach object relative clauses. Chapter Ⅱ deals with theoretical backgrounds about grammars of relative pronoun 'that', its omission and a precedent study. According to Race et al.(2003), production difficulty factors such as the type of embedded subject and the length of embedded subject NP affect the use of ‘that’ in written production and it could be extended to oral production. In chapter Ⅲ, I investigated sentences in Chicken Soup for the Soul and Holes both written by native speakers of English. The antecedents and embedded subject NPs are categorized by the length. It seemed that the length of antecedents is not related to use of ‘that,’ but the longer embedded subject NP is, the more 'that' is produced despite too much samples which are ‘that’ appears with short embedded subjects such as a pronoun. However, a common noun and a proper noun yield increased 'that' use rather than a short, more accessible, high frequency pronoun. This means 'that' use reduces production difficulty in written production. Chapter Ⅳ analyzes 9 Korean highschool text books. As with chapter Ⅲ, the length of precedents shows inconsistent distribution. Whereas the embedded subject NPs follow the aspect that the higher production difficulty is, the more 'that' is produced. A large number of samples of pronouns as embedded subjects with 'that' were also seen, however. Sentences from two English books and Korean highschool textbooks show similar patterns but textbook sentences have embedded subject NPs shorter than four words and produce 'that' more than the books in spite of the one word ORC's subjects. In conclusion, there is no relationship between antecedents and 'that' omission in this study but when it comes to embedded subject NP, it is relevant. Also, I could assume that the reason 'that' appearance with short embedded subject is ORC has specific information for the antecedent and relatively long length. Finally, in class it would be helpful to use authentic material as various examples for students, and a further study about oral production of Korean students 'that' use would be helpful for effective guidance.