백석 시의 화자 유형 연구

Abstract

This study tried to know attitude of and change of recognition on reality included in the whole poetry through types of narrators. A narrator exists in all poems and serves as power to characterize a poem. ‘persona’, the concept of narrator is a term in play. This term is more than role to change or hide face, which, as a tool to clearly disclose hidden things, is a subject of expression to disclose theme or view on life, and a foundation of meaning making. To make type of narrator would be a guidance for easily understanding message. Poets show various aspects of life through a narrator who reveals message's individuality intended by a poet to convey. Readers, through analysis of type of narrator, can synthetically organize whole work and expand meaning category of a poem by interpreting and reconstructing work from active position. Baek Seok first entered the literary realm publishing the poem, 'Jeongju fortress' in Chosun Ilbo in 1935. He published some 100 poems including ‘Park Si-bong's room in Yu-dong, South Sinueju’ in 1948 over 10 years. He had stayed in the North Korea since the liberalization of Korea from Japan. As a representative poet in 1930s, though he was baptized with imagism, his poems do not show urban sensibility or criticism on civilization which Modernism have but he constructed unique poetic world by locality based on hometown of his childhood and various scenery. Existing studies on narrator's type do not suggest concrete viewpoint or standard and show lack of logicality, and show inappropriate and ambiguous figure due to classification for classification itself away from the nature. Studies on narrator in Baek Seok's poem also focused on peculiarity of childhood narrator in many cases, which leads loss of balance in studies on narrator. However, there are various types of poetic narrators besides childhood narrator in Baek Seok's poem. narrator types in Baek Seok's poem show differences each other from the diachronic view through linking with his biographical facts. Each poem discloses unique poetic individuality, and poetic attitude and theme consciousness changes according to difference of narrator type. This study, based on Chatman`s discourse model and S.Rimmon-Kenan's narrative discourse theory, sets poetic discourse system considering characteristics of poetic discourse distinguished from daily routine discourse. Based on characteristics that a narrator has in poetic discourse, type of narrator is classified according to existence of subject and direction of topic which discourse's contents aim for. Before applying narrator's type to Baek Seok's poem, to understand his poems, his biographical facts are reviewed and narrator's type in his poems is investigated from the diachronic view. Through the process of applying suggested narrator's types to Baek Seok's poem, narrator's attitude and change of inner consciousness brought by selection of narrator each type are explored. To do this, in chapter Ⅱ, type of narrator is suggested and then, characteristic each type is investigated through theoretical review related to poetic discourse and narrator. In chapter Ⅲ, focused on type of narrator reviewed in chapter Ⅱ, narrator type in Baek Seok's poem is explored and then, works will be analyzed by diachronic change process and type. In chapter Ⅳ, through classification of narrator's type and analysis proceeded in previous chapters, characteristics and change each type of narrator in his poems will be investigated. This study as a process to seek a possibility of narrator poetics through consistent classification of narrator type, tries to wholly investigate poetic world of Baek Seok through change of consciousness and attitude of narrator according to type of narrator.