한국 근해 쌍끌이대형기선저인망 어업의 자원이용 특성과 어업관리
- Alternative Title
- Resource Utilization and Management of Large pair-trawl fishery in Korea
- Abstract
- Abstract
Large pair-trawl fishery is one of the Korean fisheries, whose fishing grounds has been mitigated, since Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) were set from fishery agreement among neighboring countries around Korean waters. The distributions of marine ecosystem and fisheries resources have been changing due to the environmental changes, such as global warming, as well as the shift of target species by fishing technology and fishing gear modifications.
Changes in the distribution of catch of the large pair-trawl fishery were investigated by year, month and species in Korean waters. In the annual fishing rate, in the 1990s, the ground fish like Larimichthys polyactis, Collichthys sp, Portunus trituberculatus and Muraenesox cinereus were main species, but in the 2000s, the percentage of pelagic fish like Scomberomorus niphonius, Scomber japonicus, Engraulis japonicus and Todarodes pacificus were high. From the result of cluster analysis for the annual catch by species, we could divide into 4 small groups (1990-1994, 1995-1999, 2000-2003, 2004-2007) and 2 large group (the 1990's, 2000's). In the comparison of distribution of the fishing area, fishing ground area in the 2000s decrease to 2/3 in comparison to the 1990s, while the density of catch in the fishing ground in 2000s was higher than the 1990s.
The overall variations of catch species composition from Korean large pair-trawl fishery showed that the ratio of croakers, small yellow croaker, eel, blue crab decreased while those of hairtail, Spanish mackerel, anchovy, common squids increased for 18 years in Korean waters. The results of hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) with annual catch data by species showed 4 different year-groups according to the distribution of fish species. Those of correspond analysis (CA) showed that correspondent direction was different between 1990s and 2000s by year and by species.
To standardize catch per unit effort (CPUE) of yellow croaker by the large pair-trawl fishery, generalized linear model (GLM) was applied to evaluate and eliminate the influence of the explanatory factors (year, month, horse power and gross tonnage of vessel) on daily catches per boat collected and compiled by National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI) from 1990 to 2007. Results of GLM showed that all of the factors significantly influenced on CPUE, explaining 36% of the total deviance. The standardized CPUE indicated that the abundance of yellow croaker in 2000's was 1.7 times higher than the CPUE in 1990's.
To propose proper vessel characteristics for sustainable fisheries in Korean waters, we analyzed the fishing capacity, scale efficiency and utilization of large pair-trawl vessels by data envelopment analysis (DEA). The input factors were gross tonnage, horse power and days operated whereas the output factor was expected catch by vessel characteristics. An optimal vessel type selected based on the input-oriented technical efficiency and gross tonnage was 100 GT with engine power < 600 Hp. Output-oriented unbiased estimate of capacity utilization (CU) decreased with increasing vessel tonnage. For the same tonnage vessels, CU decreased with increasing engine power.
Multi-species analysis was conducted to evaluate the exploring status of large pair-trawl fishery resources. The optimum fishing effort level was 84.3-97.5% of recent 3 years (2006-2008) average efforts and we have to reduce 2.5-15.7 % of fishing efforts for maximum sustainable yield.
요약
한국 근해 어업인 쌍끌이대형기저어업에 대하여 1990년부터 2007년 18년간의 어획통계, 생물학적 자료 등을 이용하여 자원이용의 특성에 대해 분석하고 어업관리방안에 대해 연구하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 우리나라 쌍끌이대형기저어업의 어획분포의 변동분석에서 1990년대에는 참조기, 강달이류, 꽃게, 갯장어와 같은 저어성 어종이 주를 이루었지만, 2000년대에는 삼치, 고등어, 멸치, 오징어 등의 부어성 어종의 비율이 높았다.
연대별 쌍끌이대형기저어업의 어장분포의 변화에서 2000년대의 어장면적이 1990년대에 비해 2/3로 줄어든 반면, 어장에서의 어획밀도는 2000년대가 1990년대 보다 높았다. 쌍끌이대형기저어업의 어종군집분석에서 연도별 어종별 어획량자료로서 분석한 군집분석에서 어종의 분포의 특성에 따라 명확히 4개의 연도 그룹의 구분되었으며, 대응분석에서도 연도와 어종에 따라 1990년대와 2000년대는 그 방향성에 있어서도 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다. 또한 각 연도 그룹별 시기별 어종별 어획량자료에 대한 대응분석에서 각 연도 그룹에 따라 시기별 어종별 방향성을 비교적 뚜렷한 차이를 나타내었다.
쌍끌이대형기저어업의 주 어획종인 참조기의 CPUE의 표준화분석에서, CPUE에 대해 연도, 월, 어선의 마력, 톤수 등은 CPUE에 유의하게 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났으며, 월이 가장 영향을 주는 것으로 전체 deviance의 36%를 설명하였다. CPUE의 표준화에서 2000년대의 참조기자원의 밀도는 1990년대에 비해 평균 1.7배 증가한 것으로 분석되었다. 한국의 쌍끌이대형기저어선에 대하여 선형별로 어획능력, 기술적 효율성과 어획능력의 활용도 등에 대한 자료포락분석(DEA)분석에서 선형별 입력지향 기술적 효율성 또는 규모의 효율성 측면에서 적정한 어선은 100톤급 600 마력이하인 것으로 추정되었다. 출력지향 비편의어획능력의 활용도는 일반적으로 톤급이 증가함에 따라 낮아졌고 같은 톤급내에서의 마력증가에 따른 어획능력의 활용도도 낮아졌다.
쌍끌이대형기저어업의 주요 어획대상어종에 대한 자원상태를 다종평가로 분석해 보면, MSY는 63,097톤, 이때의 2007년 노력량을 기준으로 한 상대 어획노력량 EMSY는 1.4, 즉 E2007/EMSY는 0.71로서 과잉어획노력 상태는 아닌 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 자원변동 및 평가의 불확실성을 고려한 EMSY 및 2/3EMSY의 관리기준에 대한 최근 3년간(2006-2008년) 평균 어획노력량의 적정수준은 84.3-97.5 %로서 2.5-15.7 % 낮추어야 하는 것으로 분석되었다. 쌍끌이대형기저어업의 주어획대상이 되고 있는 삼치, 갈치, 참조기, 멸치, 아귀, 강달이, 병어류 등에 대하여, 최대지속적어획량(MSY)을 기준으로 한 현재의 자원상태를 상대적 어획노력강도(Ecur/EMSY)와 상대적자원량수준(Bcur/BMSY)으로 평가한 결과, 삼치, 갈치, 강달이, 멸치, 아귀는 안정상태, 참조기, 병어류는 과잉노력상태에 있는 것으로 나타났다.
- Author(s)
- 이동우
- Issued Date
- 2011
- Awarded Date
- 2011. 2
- Type
- Dissertation
- Keyword
- 대형쌍끌이어업 자원이용 어업관리 DEA CPUE표준화
- Publisher
- 부경대학교
- URI
- https://repository.pknu.ac.kr:8443/handle/2021.oak/9881
http://pknu.dcollection.net/jsp/common/DcLoOrgPer.jsp?sItemId=000001964143
- Alternative Author(s)
- Dong Woo LEE
- Affiliation
- 부경대학교 대학원
- Department
- 대학원 해양생물학과
- Advisor
- 오철웅
- Table Of Contents
- Ⅰ.서론 ·······························································································1
Ⅱ.쌍끌이대형기선저인망어업의 특성변화 ···································3
2.1.서론 ······························································································3
2.2.재료 및 방법 ···············································································4
2.3.결과 ······························································································5
2.3.1.어종조성의 변화 ····································································5
2.3.2.어장분포 및 밀도의 변화 ·····················································8
2.3.3.어종군집의 변화 ··································································12
2.3.4.어장특성의 변화 ··································································16
2.4.고찰 ····························································································21
Ⅲ.참조기 자원의쌍끌이대형기선저인망어업의 어선세력과 단위
노력당어획량(CPUE)표준화: 참조기 자원의 경우 ·············25
3.1.서론 ····························································································25
3.2.재료 및 방법 ·············································································25
3.2.1.분석자료 ···············································································25
3.2.2.분석방법 ···············································································26
3.3. 결과 ··························································································27
3.3.1.쌍끌이대형기저어업의 어선세력 및 참조기 어획동향 ·27
3.3.2.쌍끌이대형기저어업의 참조기 CPUE의 표준화 ···········33
3.4.고찰 ···························································································41
Ⅳ.쌍끌이대형기선저인망어선의 규모별 효율성과 어획능력 활
용도 평가 ····················································································44
4.1.서론 ···························································································44
4.2.재료 및 방법 ············································································45
4.2.1.분석 모델 ············································································45
4.2.2.사용 자료 ············································································52
4.3.결과 ··························································································54
4.3.1.투입지향 분석 ····································································54
4.3.2.산출지향 분석 ····································································56
4.4.고찰 ··························································································60
Ⅴ. 쌍끌이대형기선저인망어업의 노력량 중심 어업관리 ·········63
5.1.서론 ····························································································63
5.2.재료 및 방법 ·············································································63
5.3.결과 ····························································································69
5.3.1.어획량의 변동추이 ·······························································69
5.3.2.어선세력 ···············································································71
5.3.3.주요 어종의 자원상태 ··························································73
5.3.4.다종어업 평가 ·······································································76
5.3.5.어업관리 방안 ·······································································79
5.4.고찰 ····························································································85
Ⅵ.종합고찰 ······················································································88
Ⅶ.요약 ······························································································90
Ⅷ.참고문헌 ······················································································92
감사의 글 ························································································104
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